References

This page lists all of the references used within the species pages and elsewhere in the UK Butterflies website. In addition, it contains references to many books that have shaped our understanding of the butterflies of the British Isles. When available online, the references include a link to the publication and any relevant plates. The hope is that this listing will benefit any visitors wanting to research the British butterflies. If you find any omissions then please let us know. Finally, such a listing would not be possible if it were not for the summaries provided in Ford (1945), Salmon (2000) and, especially, Dunbar (2010). As such, these books are highly recommended.

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Reference	Details
Adams (1854)	Adams, H.G.: Beautiful Butterflies; the British Species Described and Illustrated. 1854.
Albin (1720)	Albin, E.: A Natural History of English Insects: Illustrated with a Hundred Copper Plates, Curiously Engraven from the Life. 1720.
Allan (1949)	Allan, P.B.M.: Larval Foodplants. 1949.
Asher (2001)	Asher, J., Warren, M., Fox, R., Harding, P., Jeffcoate, G. and Jeffcoate, S.: The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland. 2001.
Barrett (1893)	Barrett, C.G.: The Lepidoptera of the British Islands (Vol.1 Rhopalocera). 1893.
Beaufoy (1947)	Beaufoy, S.: Butterfly Lives. 1947.
Berger (1948)	Berger, L.A.: A Colias New to Britain. The Entomologist. 1948. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Colias alfacariensis alfacariensis, Vol.81, pp.129-131]
Berkenhout (1769)	Berkenhout, J.: Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland (Vol.1 Animal Kingdom). 1769.
Birchall (1873)	Birchall, E.: The Lepidoptera of Ireland. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 1873. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Euphydryas aurinia aurinia f. hibernica, Vol.X, p.154]
Boisduval (1840)	Boisduval, J.A.: Europaeorum Lepidopterorum index methodicus. 1840. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Erebia epiphron, p.22]
Bowden (1975)	Bowden, S.R.: Some Subspecific and Infrasubspecific Names in Pieris napi L. (Lep.: Pieridae). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1975. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Pieris napi sabellicae, Vol.87, pp.153-156]
Brakefield (1992)	Brakefield, P.M. and Shreeve, T.G.: Case Studies in Evolution. The Ecology of Butterflies in Britain. 1992. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha tullia, pp.197-216]
Bright & Leeds (1938)	Bright, P.M. and Leeds, H.A.: A Monograph of the British Aberrations of the Chalk-Hill Blue Butterfly. 1938.
Brooks & Knight (1982)	Brooks, M. and Knight, C.: A Complete Guide to British Butterflies. 1982.
Buckler (1886)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.1). 1886.
Buckler (1887)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.2). 1887.
Buckler (1889)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.3). 1889.
Buckler (1891)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.4). 1891.
Buckler (1893)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.5). 1893.
Buckler (1895)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.6). 1895.
Buckler (1897)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.7). 1897.
Buckler (1899)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.8). 1899.
Buckler (1901)	Buckler, W.: The Larvae of the British Butterflies and Moths (Vol.9). 1901.
Butler (1869)	Butler, A.G.: Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 1869. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Euchloe crameri crameri, Vol.5, p.271]
Butler (1897)	Butler, A.G.: Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London. 1897. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Cacyreus marshalli marshalli, pp.835-857, Plate L]
Carter (1986)	Carter, D.J.: A Field Guide to Caterpillars of Butterflies and Moths in Britain and Europe. 1986.
Catlow (1848)	Catlow, M.: Popular British Entomology (1852 edition). 1848.
Coleman (1860)	Coleman, W.S.: British Butterflies. 1860.
Cooke (1943)	Cooke, B.H.: The Scottish Race of Erebia epiphron. The Entomologist. 1943. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Erebia epiphron mnemon f. scotica, Vol.76, p.105]
Curtis (1840)	Curtis, J.: British Entomology (Vol.5 Lepidoptera Part 1) [1823-1840]. 1840.
Curtis (1840)	Curtis, J.: British Entomology (Vol.6 Lepidoptera Part 2) [1823-1840]. 1840.
Curtis (1840)	Curtis, J.: British Entomology (Vol.10) [1823-1840]. 1840.
Dale (1890)	Dale, C.W.: The History of Our British Butterflies. 1890.
Davies (1992)	Davies, M.: The White-letter Hairstreak Butterfly. 1992.
de Lattin (1952)	de Lattin, G.: Two new subspecies of Hipparchia semele. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1952. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Hipparchia semele clarensis, Vol.64, pp.335-336]
de Vismes Kane (1885)	de Vismes Kane, W.F.: European Butterflies. 1885.
Denis & Schiffermüller (1775)	Denis, J.N.C.M. and Schiffermüller, I.: Systematischez Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend. 1775. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Aglais xanthomelas xanthomelas, p.175], [Arethusana arethusa arethusa, p.169], [Argynnis adippe adippe, p.177], [Argynnis pandora pandora, p.176], [Aricia agestis agestis, p.184], [Boloria selene selene, p.321], [Plebicula dorylas dorylas, p.322], [Zerynthia polyxena polyxena, p.162]
Dennis (1977)	Dennis, R.L.H.: The British Butterflies - Their Origin and Establishment. 1977. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Hipparchia semele scota, p.148], [Maniola jurtina, pp.154-161], [Papilio machaon britannicus, p.140]
Dennis (1993)	Dennis, R.L.H.: Butterflies and Climate Change. 1993.
Derham (1713)	Derham, W.: Physico-theology, Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God from His Works of Creation (1720 edition). 1713.
Donovan (1792)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.1). 1792.
Donovan (1793)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.2). 1793.
Donovan (1794)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.3). 1794.
Donovan (1795)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.4). 1795.
Donovan (1796)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.5). 1796.
Donovan (1797)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.6). 1797.
Donovan (1798)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.7). 1798.
Donovan (1799)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.8). 1799.
Donovan (1800)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.9). 1800.
Donovan (1801)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.10). 1801.
Donovan (1806)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.11). 1806.
Donovan (1807)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.12). 1807.
Donovan (1808)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.13). 1808.
Donovan (1810)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.14). 1810.
Donovan (1811)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.15). 1811.
Donovan (1813)	Donovan, E.: The Natural History of British Insects (Vol.16). 1813.
Dowdeswell (1981)	Dowdeswell, W.H.: The Life of the Meadow Brown. 1981.
Drury (1770)	Drury, D.: Illustrations of Natural History (Vol.1). 1770. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Hylephila phyleus phyleus, Vol.1, p.25, Plate XIII], [Vanessa virginiensis virginiensis, p.23, Plate V]
Drury (1773)	Drury, D.: Illustrations of Natural History (Vol.2). 1773.
Dunbar (1993)	Dunbar, D.: Saving Butterflies. 1993.
Dunbar (2010)	Dunbar, D.: British Butterflies - a History in Books. 2010.
Duncan (1835)	Duncan, J.: The Natural History of British Butterflies (1940 reissue). 1835.
Duncan (1836)	Duncan, J.: The Natural History of British Moths, Sphinxes (Vol.4). 1836.
Duncan (1855)	Duncan, J.: British Butterflies. 1855.
Eltringham (1923)	Eltringham, H.: Butterfly Lore. 1923.
Emmet (1990)	Emmet, A.M. and Heath, J.: The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. 1990. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Argynnis aglaja aglaja f. scotica, p.228], [Coenonympha pamphilus pamphilus f. rhoumensis, p.278]
Esper (1777)	Esper, E.J.C: Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. 1777. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Erebia aethiops aethiops, Vol.1, p.312, Plate 25]
Esper (1779)	Esper, E.J.C.: Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. 1779. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Melitaea didyma didyma, Vol.1, p.365, Plate XVII], [Ochlodes sylvanus sylvanus, Vol.1, p.343, Plate XXXVI]
Esper (1780)	Esper, E.J.C: Die europäischen Schmetterlinge. 1780. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Carcharodus alceae alceae, Vol.2, p.4, Plate LI]
Esper (1800)	Esper, E.J.C.: Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. 1800. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Argynnis paphia paphia f. valesina, Vol.1, p.73, Plate CVII]
Esper (1805)	Esper, E.J.C.: Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. 1805. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Erebia epiphron, Vol.1(2), Plate CXXII]
Fabricius (1775)	Fabricius, J.C: Systema entomologiæ: sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species. 1775. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Argynnis cybele cybele, p.516], [Dryas julia delila, p.510], [Dryas julia julia, p.509]
Fabricius (1777)	Fabricius, J.C.: Genera Insectorum. 1777. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha tullia davus, p.259]
Fabricius (1787)	Fabricius, J.C.: Mantissa insectorum sistens species nuper detectas. 1787. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Junonia villida villida, Vol.2, p.35]
Fabricius (1793)	Fabricius, J.C.: Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species. 1793. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Aricia artaxerxes artaxerxes, Vol.3, p.297], [Hypanartia lethe lethe, Vol.3, p.80], [Parnassius phoebus phoebus, Vol.3, p.181]
Fabricius (1798)	Fabricius, J.C.: Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. 1798. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Lycaena phlaeas eleus, p.430]
Feltwell (1995)	Feltwell, J.: The Conservation of Butterflies in Britain Past and Present. 1995.
Ford (1945)	Ford, E.B.: Butterflies. Edn.1. 1945. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Erebia epiphron, pp.288-289], [Euphydryas aurinia, pp.294-295], [Maculinea arion eutyphron, pp.299-300, Plate 12]
Fox (2006)	Fox, R., Asher, J., Brereton, T., Roy, D. and Warren, M.: The State of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland. 2006.
Frohawk (1914)	Frohawk, F.W.: A Natural History of British Butterflies. 1914.
Frohawk (1924)	Frohawk, F.W.: The Natural History of British Butterflies. 1924.
Frohawk (1934)	Frohawk, F.W.: The Complete Book of British Butterflies. 1934.
Frohawk (1938)	Frohawk, F.W.: Varieties of British Butterflies. 1938.
Fruhstorfer (1915)	Fruhstorfer, H.: Societas Entomologica. 1915. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Maculinea arion eutyphron, Vol.30, p.67]
Fruhstorfer (1916)	Fruhstorfer, H.: Neue Rhopaloceren aus der Sammlung Leonhard. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 1916. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Euphydryas aurinia, Vol.A(2), p.6]
Fruhstorfer (1922)	Fruhstorfer, H.: Entomologische Rundschau. 1922. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Papilio machaon gorganus, Vol.39, p.13]
Fuessly (1775)	Fuessly, J.K.: Verzeichniss Der Ihm Bekannten Schweizerischen Insekten. 1775. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Cupido minimus minimus, p.31]
Furneaux (1894)	Furneaux, W.: Butterflies and Moths (British). 1894.
Geoffroy (1785)	Geoffroy, E.L.: Entomologia Parisiensis. 1785. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Colias croceus croceus, p.200]
Godart (1821)	Godart, J.B.: Histoire naturelle des lépidoptères ou papillons de France. 1821. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pararge aegeria tircis, Vol.1, p.163, Plate XXVII]
Goodden (1978)	Goodden, R.: British Butterflies, a Field Guide. 1978.
Goodson (1948)	Goodson, A.L.: New varieties of Argynnis cydippe L. and Lycaena phlaeus L.. The Entomologist. 1948. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Lycaena phlaeas hibernica, Vol.81, pp.177-178]
Graves (1930)	Graves, P.P.: The British and Irish Maniola jurtina. The Entomologist. 1930. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Maniola jurtina cassiteridum, Vol.63, pp.75-81], [Maniola jurtina iernes, Vol.63, pp.49-54] This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Maniola jurtina splendida, Vol.63, pp.49-54]
Greene (1863)	Greene, Rev.J.: The Insect Hunter's Companion. 1863.
Grove & Herbert (1987)	Grove, S. and Herbert, G.: Butterflies of the Southern Chalk Downland. 1987.
Harmer (1999)	Harmer, A.S.: Variation in British Butterflies. 1999.
Harris (1766)	Harris, M.: The Aurelian. 1766.
Harris (1775)	Harris, M.: The English Lepidoptera: or, The Aurelian's Pocket Companion. 1775.
Harris (1809)	Miss Harris: Coloured Drawings of British Butterflies ... From the Collection of Mr. W.E. Leach. 1809.
Harrison (1937)	Harrison, J.W.H.: Rhapolocera on the Island of Scalpay, with an account of the occurrence of Nymphalis io on Raasay. The Entomologist. 1937. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Boloria selene insularum, Vol.70, pp.1-4]
Harrison (1946)	Harrison, J.W.H.: The Lepidoptera of the Hebridian Isles of Coll, Tiree and Gunna, with some remarks on the Biogeography of the Islands. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1946. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Hipparchia semele atlantica, Vol.58, p.58]
Harrison (1946-1)	Harrison, J.W.H.: The Geographical Distribution of Certain Hebridean Insects and Deductions to be made from it. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1946. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Euphydryas aurinia, Vol.58, pp.18-21]
Harrison (1948)	Harrison, J.W.H.: A new race of Coenonympha pamphilus L. from the Hebrides. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1948. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha pamphilus pamphilus f. rhoumensis, Vol.60, p.111]
Harrison (1949)	Harrison, J.W.H.: Rhopalocera in the Scottish Western Isles in 1948, with an account of two new forms of Pararge aegeria L. (Lep. Satyridae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 1949. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pararge aegeria oblita, Vol.85, pp.25-28]
Harrison (1951)	Harrison, J.W.H: Observations on the races, habitats and variation of the Rhopalocera of the Outer Hebrides. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 1951. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha pamphilus pamphilus f. rhoumensis, Vol.86, pp.65-70]
Harrison (1952)	Harrison, J.W.H. and Morton, J.K.: Lepidoptera in the Isles of Raasay, Rhum, Lewis and Harris in 1951. The Entomologist. 1952. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha pamphilus pamphilus f. rhoumensis, Vol.85, pp.6-13]
Haworth (1802)	Haworth, A.: Prodromus Lepidopterorum Britannicorum. A Concise Catalogue of British Lepidopterous Insects, with the Times and Places of Appearance in the Winged State. 1802.
Haworth (1803)	Haworth, A.H.: Lepidoptera Britannica. 1803. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha tullia polydama, p.16], [Lycaena dispar dispar, p.40]
Haworth (1812)	Haworth, A.H.: A brief account of some rare insects announced at various times to the Society, as new to Britain. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 1812. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Erebia epiphron mnemon, Vol.1, pp.332-340]
Heath, Pollard & Thomas (1984)	Heath, J., Pollard, E. and Thomas, J.A.: Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland. 1984.
Herbst (1794)	Jablonsky, C.G and Herbst, W.: Natursystem aller bekannten in- und ausländischen Insekten. 1794. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Vanessa indica indica, Vol.7, Plate 180 (Figs 1, 2)]
Heslop, Hyde & Stockley (1964)	Heslop, I.R., Hyde, G.E. and Stockley, R.E.: Notes and Views of the Purple Emperor. 1964.
Hickin (1992)	Hickin, N.: The Butterflies of Ireland. 1992.
Higgins & Riley (1970)	Higgins, L.G. and Riley, N.D.: A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe. 1970.
Howarth (1971)	Howarth, T.G.: Descriptions of a new British subspecies of Pararge aegeria (L.) (Lep., Satyridae) and an aberration of Cupido minimus (Fuessly) (Lep., Lycaenidae). Entomologist's Gazette. 1971. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pararge aegeria insula, Vol.22, pp.117-118]
Howarth (1971-1)	Howarth, T.G.: The status of Irish Hipparchia semele (L.) (Lep., Satyridae) with descriptions of a new subspecies and aberrations. Entomologist's Gazette. 1971. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Hipparchia semele hibernica, Vol.22, pp.123-129]
Howarth (1973)	Howarth, T.G.: South's British Butterflies. 1973.
Huggins (1956)	Huggins, H.C.: The Burren subspecies of Erynnis tages Linn.. The Entomologist. 1956. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Erynnis tages baynesi, Vol.89, pp.241-242]
Huggins (1956-1)	Huggins, H.C.: The Irish race of Gonepteryx rhamni (Lep. Pieridae). The Entomologist. 1956. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Gonepteryx rhamni gravesi, Vol.89, pp.65-66]
Huggins (1959)	Huggins, H.C.: A Naturalist in the Kingdom of Kerry. Proceedings of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society. 1959. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Aphantopus hyperantus, pp.176-183], [Euphydryas aurinia, pp.176-183]
Hulme (1903)	Hulme, F.E.: Butterflies and Moths of the Country Side. 1903.
Humphreys (1858)	Humphreys, H.N.: Butterflies in Their Floral Homes; with Butterfly Fables, Indited by a Dreamer in the Woods. 1858.
Humphreys (1858)	Humphreys, H.N.: The Butterfly Vivarium, or Insect Home. 1858.
Humphreys (1859)	Humphreys, H.N.: The Genera and Species of British Butterflies. 1859.
Humphreys & Westwood (1841)	Humphreys, H.N. and Westwood, J.O.: British Butterflies and their Transformations. 1841.
Hübner (1779)	Hübner, J.: Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. 1779. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Colias croceus croceus f. helice, Vol.1, p.67, Plate 87 (Figs. 440, 441)]
Jermyn (1824)	Jermyn, L.: The Butterfly Collector's Vade Mecum: or a Synoptical Table of English Butterflies. 1824.
Johnson (1868)	Johnson, T.: Illustrations of British Butterflies, and their Larvae. With the Plants on which they feed. 1868.
Johnson (1878)	Johnson, T.: Illustrations of the Larvae and Pupae of British Lepidoptera. 1878.
Johnson (1900)	Johnson, T.: Illustrations of British Lepidoptera. 1900.
Johnson (1906)	Johnson, T.: A Life-History of the British Butterflies. 1906.
Kane (1893)	Kane, W.F. de Viesmes: A catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland. The Entomologist. 1893. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Polyommatus icarus mariscolore, Vol.26, pp.240-244] This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Euphydryas aurinia, Vol.26, pp.157-159]
Kappel & Kirby (1895)	Kappel, A.W. and Kirby, W.E.: British and European Butterflies and Moths. 1895.
Kirby (1862)	Kirby, W.F.: A Manual of European Butterflies. 1862.
Kirby (1882)	Kirby, W.F.: European Butterflies and Moths. 1882.
Kirby (1896)	Kirby, W.F.: A Hand-Book to the Order Lepidoptera (Vol.1). 1896.
Kirby (1896)	Kirby, W.F.: A Hand-Book to the Order Lepidoptera (Vol.2). 1896.
Kirby (1897)	Kirby, W.F.: A Hand-Book to the Order Lepidoptera (Vol.3). 1897.
Kirby (1897)	Kirby, W.F.: A Hand-Book to the Order Lepidoptera (Vol.4). 1897.
Kirby (1897)	Kirby, W.F.: A Hand-Book to the Order Lepidoptera (Vol.5). 1897.
Kirby (1907)	Kirby, W.F.: Butterflies and Moths of Europe. 1907.
Kirby (1909)	Kirby, W.E.: Butterflies and Moths of the United Kingdom. 1909.
Kirby & Spence (1815)	Kirby, W. and Spence, W.: An Introduction to Entomology (7th ed. 1857). 1815.
Kloet (1972)	Kloet, G.S. and Hincks, W.D.: A check list of British insects: Lepidoptera. Handbooks for the identification of British insects. Edn.2. 1972. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Euphydryas aurinia aurinia f. hibernica, Vol.11(2), p.153]
Knaggs (1869)	Knaggs, H.G.: The Lepidopterist's Guide. 1869.
Knoch (1782)	Knoch, A.W.: Beiträge zur Insektengeschichte. 1782. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Satyrium w-album w-album, Vol.2, p.85]
Knoch (1783)	Knoch, A.W.: Beiträge zur Insektengeschichte. 1783. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Erebia epiphron epiphron, Vol.3, p.131]
Lang (1884)	Lang, H.C.: Rhopalocera Europæ Descripta Et Delineata (Vol.1 - text). 1884.
Lang (1884)	Lang, H.C.: Rhopalocera Europæ Descripta Et Delineata (Vol.2 - plates). 1884.
Lewin (1795)	Lewin, W.: The Papilios of Great Britain. 1795.
Linnaeus (1758)	Linnaeus, C.: Systema Naturae. Edn.10. 1758. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Aglais antiopa antiopa, Vol.1, p.476], [Aglais polychloros polychloros, Vol.1, p.477], [Aglais urticae urticae, Vol.1, p.477], [Anthocharis cardamines cardamines, Vol.1, p.468], [Apatura iris iris, Vol.1, p.476], [Aphantopus hyperantus hyperantus, Vol.1, p.471], [Aporia crataegi crataegi, Vol.1, p.467], [Araschnia levana levana, Vol.1, p.480], [Araschnia levana levana f. prorsa, Vol.1, p.480], [Argynnis aglaja aglaja, Vol.1, p.481], [Argynnis niobe niobe, Vol.1, p.481], [Argynnis paphia paphia, Vol.1, p.481], [Boloria euphrosyne euphrosyne, Vol.1, p.481], [Callophrys rubi rubi, Vol.1, p.483], [Celastrina argiolus argiolus, Vol.1, p.483], [Coenonympha pamphilus pamphilus, Vol.1, p.472], [Colias hyale hyale, Vol.1, p.469], [Colobura dirce dirce, Vol.1, p.477], [Danaus plexippus plexippus, Vol.1, p.471], [Erebia ligea ligea, Vol.1, p.473], [Erynnis tages tages, Vol.1, p.485], [Gonepteryx rhamni rhamni, Vol.1, p.470], [Hamearis lucina lucina, Vol.1, p.480], [Hesperia comma comma, Vol.1, p.484], [Hipparchia semele semele, Vol.1, p.474], [Inachis io io, Vol.1, p.472], [Iphiclides podalirius podalirius, Vol.1, p.463], [Issoria lathonia lathonia, Vol.1, p.481], [Junonia oenone oenone, Vol.1, p.473], [Lasiommata maera maera, Vol.1, p.473], [Leptidea sinapis sinapis, Vol.1, p.468], [Lycaena virgaureae virgaureae, Vol.1, p.484], [Maculinea arion arion, Vol.1, p.483], [Maniola jurtina jurtina, Vol.1, p.475], [Melanargia galathea galathea, Vol.1, p.474], [Melitaea cinxia cinxia, Vol.1, p.480], [Neozephyrus quercus quercus, Vol.1, p.482], [Papilio glaucus glaucus, Vol.1, p.460], [Papilio machaon machaon, Vol.1, p.462], [Pararge aegeria aegeria, Vol.1, p.473], [Parnassius apollo apollo, Vol.1, p.465], [Pieris brassicae brassicae, Vol.1, p.467], [Pieris napi napi, Vol.1, p.468], [Pieris rapae rapae, Vol.1, p.468], [Plebejus argus argus, Vol.1, p.483], [Polygonia c-album c-album, Vol.1, p.477], [Pontia daplidice daplidice, Vol.1, p.468], [Pyrgus malvae malvae, Vol.1, p.485], [Satyrium pruni pruni, Vol.1, p.482], [Thecla betulae betulae, Vol.1, p.482], [Vanessa atalanta atalanta, Vol.1, p.478], [Vanessa cardui cardui, Vol.1, p.475], [Zerynthia rumina rumina, Vol.1, p.480]
Linnaeus (1761)	Linnaeus, C.: Fauna Suecica Sistens Animalia Sueciae Regni. Edn.2. 1761. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Colias palaeno palaeno, p.272], [Lycaena hippothoe hippothoe, p.274], [Lycaena phlaeas phlaeas, p.285]
Linnaeus (1764)	Linnaeus, C.: Museum S:ae R:ae M:tis Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque. 1764. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Chazara briseis briseis, p.276], [Limenitis camilla camilla, p.304]
Linnaeus (1767)	Linnaeus, C.: Systema Naturae. Edn.12. 1767. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Boloria dia dia, Vol.1, p.785], [Gonepteryx cleopatra cleopatra, Vol.1, p.765], [Lampides boeticus boeticus, Vol.1, p.789], [Lasiommata megera megera, Vol.1, p.771], [Leptotes pirithous pirithous, Vol.1, p.790]
Linnaeus (1771)	Linnaeus, C.: Mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis. 1771. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pyronia tithonus tithonus, p.537]
Lister (1682)	Lister, M.: Johannes Goedartius, Of Insects. Done Into English and Methodized, With the Addition of Notes. 1682.
Lucas (1893)	Lucas, W.J.: The Book of British Butterflies. 1893.
Mackworth-Praed (1945)	Mackworth-Praed, C.W.: Three Seasons in the Western Highlands. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 1945. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Carterocephalus palaemon, Vol.81, p.114]
Martin (1785)	Martin, M.: The Aurelian's Vade Mecum, containing an English alphabetical, and Linnæan systematical catalogue of Plants, affording Nourishment to Butterflies, Hawk-moths, and Moths, in the State of Caterpillar. 1785.
May (2003)	May, P.R.: Larval Foodplants of the Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. 2003.
Merrett (1667)	Merrett, C.: Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum. 1667.
Merrin (1860)	Merrin, J.: The Lepidopterist's Calendar (2nd ed. 1875). 1860.
Meyrick (1895)	Meyrick, E.: A Handbook of British Lepidoptera. 1895.
Moffet (1634)	Moffet, T.: Insectorum Sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum. 1634.
Moore (1881)	Moore, F.: The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. 1881. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Rapala schistacea schistacea, Vol.1, p.106]
Morris (1853)	Morris, Rev.F.O.: A History of British Butterflies. 1853.
Mosley (1878)	Mosley, S.: Illustrations of Varieties of British Lepidoptera. 1878.
Müller (1764)	Müller, O.F.: Fauna insectorum Fridrichsdalina: sive Methodica descriptio insectorum agri fridrichsdalensis . 1764. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha tullia tullia, p.36]
Müller & Kautz (1939)	Müller, L. and Kautz, H.: Pieris bryoniae O. und Pieris napi L.. Abhandlungen des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereines. 1939. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pieris napi britannica, Vol.1, p.76]
Nash (1990)	Nash,R. and Samson, C.: A Fourth Irish Specimen of the Small Mountain Ringlet Erebia epiphron Knoch (Lepidoptera). Irish Naturalist's Journal. 1990. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Erebia epiphron, Vol.23, p.339]
Nash (2012)	Nash, D., Boyd, T. and Hardiman, D.: Ireland's Butterflies: A Review. 2012. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Argynnis aglaja aglaja f. scotica, p.182], [Coenonympha tullia scotica, p.212], [Polyommatus icarus mariscolore, p.157]
New (1991)	New, T.R.: Butterfly Conservation. 1991.
Newman (1871)	Newman, E.: An Illustrated Natural History of British Butterflies. 1871.
Newman (1948)	Newman, L.H.: Butterfly Haunts. 1948.
Newman (1952)	Newman, L.H.: Transformations of Butterflies and Moths. 1952.
Newman (1953)	Newman, L.H.: Butterfly Farmer. 1953.
Newman (1968)	Newman, L.H.: The Complete British Butterflies in Colour. 1968.
Newman & Leeds (1913)	Newman, L.W. and Leeds, H.A.: Text Book of British Butterflies and Moths. 1913.
Oberthür (1910)	Oberthür, C.: Etudes de Lépidoptérologie comparée. 1910. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pyrgus armoricanus armoricanus, Vol.4, p.411, Plate LVII (Figs. 509-520)]
Oberthür (1923)	Oberthür, C.: Etudes de Lépidoptérologie comparée. 1923. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Lycaena dispar batavus, Vol.21(2), p.73, Plate 570]
Ochsenheimer (1808)	Ochsenheimer, F.: Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. 1808. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Thymelicus lineola lineola, Vol.1, p.230]
Pallas (1771)	Pallas, P.S.: Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reichs. 1771. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Carterocephalus palaemon palaemon, Vol.1, p.471], [Everes argiades argiades, Vol.1, p.472], [Heteropterus morpheus morpheus, Vol.1, p.471]
Petiver (1717)	Petiver, J.: Papilionum Britanniae Icones. 1717.
Poda (1761)	Poda von Neuhaus, N.: Insecta musei Graecensis. 1761. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Glaucopsyche alexis alexis, p.77], [Lycaena tityrus tityrus, p.77], [Lysandra coridon coridon, p.77], [Thymelicus sylvestris sylvestris, p.79]
Pollard & Yates (1993)	Pollard, E. and Yates, T.J.: Monitoring Butterflies for Ecology and Conservation. 1993.
Porter (1997)	Porter, J.: The Colour Identification Guide to Caterpillars of the British Isles. 1997.
Prunner (1798)	de Prunner, L.: Lepidoptera Pedemontana. 1798. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Erebia alberganus alberganus, p.71]
Ravenscroft (1996)	Ravenscroft, N.: The Chequered Skipper Butterfly. 1996.
Ray (1710)	Ray, J.: Historia Insectorum. 1710.
Redway (1981)	Redway, D.B.: Some comments on the reported occurrence of Erebia epiphron (Knoch)(Lepidoptera:Satyridae) in Ireland during the nineteenth century. Entomologist's Gazette. 1981. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Erebia epiphron, Vol.32, pp.157-159]
Rennie (1832)	Rennie, J.: A conspectus of the butterflies and moths found in Britain, with their English and systematic names, times of appearances, sizes, colours, their caterpillars, and various localities. 1832.
Riley (2007)	Riley, A.M.: British and Irish Butterflies: The Complete Identification, Field and Site Guide to the Species, Subspecies and Forms. 2007. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Argynnis aglaja aglaja f. scotica, p.236], [Coenonympha pamphilus pamphilus f. rhoumensis, p.302], [Erebia epiphron mnemon f. scotica, p.265], [Papilio machaon britannicus, p.72], [Polyommatus icarus mariscolore, p.168]
Robson (1880)	Robson, J.E.: British Butterflies, 19. The Greasy Fritillary. The Young Naturalist. 1880. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Euphydryas aurinia, Vol.2, pp.36-38]
Robson (1881)	Robson, J.E.: The Young Naturalist. 1881. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Polygonia c-album c-album f. hutchinsoni, Vol.2, p.110]
Robson & Gardner (1880)	Robson, J.E. & Gardner, J.: A List of British Lepidoptera and their Named Varieties. 1880.
Rottemburg (1775)	von Rottemburg, S.A.: Der Naturforscher. 1775. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Cyaniris semiargus semiargus, Vol.6, p.20], [Euphydryas aurinia aurinia, Vol.6, p.5], [Lycaena alciphron alciphron, Vol.6, p.11], [Lysandra bellargus bellargus, Vol.6, p.25], [Melitaea athalia athalia, Vol.6, p.5], [Polyommatus icarus icarus, Vol.6, p.21], [Thymelicus acteon acteon, Vol.6, p.30]
Rowland-Brown (1912)	Rowland-Brown, H.: Butterflies and Moths at Home and Abroad. 1912.
Russwurm (1978)	Russwurm, A.D.A.: Aberrations of British Butterflies. 1978.
Salmon (2000)	Salmon, M.: The Aurelian Legacy: British Butterflies and Their Collectors. 2000.
Samouelle (1819)	Samouelle, G.: The Entomologist's Useful Compendium. 1819.
Samouelle (1841)	Samouelle, G.: The Entomological Cabinet; Being a Natural History of British Insects. Edn.2. 1841.
Scopoli (1763)	Scopoli, G.A.: Entomologia Carniolica: exhibens insecta Carnioliæ indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. 1763. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Hipparchia fagi fagi, p.152, Plate Fig.428]
Scorer (1913)	Scorer, A.G.: The Entomologist's Log-Book. 1913.
Seitz (1907)	Seitz, A.: Gattung Papilio, Schwalbenschwanze. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde. 1907. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Papilio machaon britannicus, Vol.1, p.12, Plate 6]
Settele (2008)	Settele, J. et al.: Climatic Risk Atlas of European Butterflies. 2008.
Shaffer (2008)	Shaffer, M.: Channel Islands Lepidoptera. 2008.
Shield (1856)	Shield, R.: Practical hints respecting moths and butterflies, with notices of their localities. 1856.
South (1906)	South, R.: The Butterflies Of The British Isles. 1906.
Sowerby (1806)	Sowerby, J.: The British Miscellany: or coloured figures of new, rare, or little known animal subjects. 1806.
St.John (1890)	St.John, J.S.: Larva Collecting and Breeding. 1890.
Stainton (1857)	Stainton, H.T.: A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths. 1857.
Stainton (1867)	Stainton, H.T.: British Butterflies and Moths. 1867.
Staudinger & Rebel (1901)	Staudinger, O. and Rebel, H.: Catalog Der Lepidopteren Des Palaearctischen Faunengebietes. 1901. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha tullia scotica, Vol.32, p.66]
Steele (1990)	Steele, C.: Woodland Butterflies. 1990.
Stephens (1828)	Stephens, J.E.: Illustrations of British Entomology (Haustellata Vol.1). 1828. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pieris napi sabellicae, p.21, Plate III (Figs.3, 4)]
Stephens (1829)	Stephens, J.E.: Illustrations of British Entomology (Haustellata Vol.2). 1829.
Stephens (1829-1)	Stephens, J.E.: Illustrations of British Entomology (Haustellata Vol.3). 1829. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Aricia artaxerxes salmacis, p.235]
Stephens (1829-2)	Stephens, J.E.: A Systematic Catalogue of British Insects. 1829.
Stephens (1829-3)	Stephens, J.E.: The Nomenclature of British Insects. 1829.
Stephens (1834)	Stephens, J.E.: Illustrations of British Entomology (Haustellata Vol.4). 1834.
Stokoe & Stovin (1944)	Stokoe, W.J. and Stovin, G.H.T.: The Caterpillars of the British Butterflies. 1944.
Stuttard (1890)	Stuttard, J.: The Butterfly: Its History, Development, and Attributes. 1890.
Temple (1945)	Temple, V.: Butterflies and Moths in Britain. 1945.
Temple (1949)	Temple, V.: British Butterflies. 1949.
Thomas (1986)	Thomas, J.A.: The RSNC Guide to Butterflies of the British Isles. 1986.
Thomas & Lewington (1991)	Thomas, J. and Lewington, R.: The Butterflies of Britain and Ireland. 1991.
Thomas & Lewington (2010)	Thomas, J. and Lewington, R.: The Butterflies of Britain and Ireland. Edn.2. 2010. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Polyommatus icarus mariscolore, p.132]
Thompson (1937)	Thompson, J. Anthony: A new subspecies of Plebejus argus (L.). Privately published. 1937. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Plebejus argus caernensis]
Thompson (1944)	Thompson, A.: A new subspecies of Eumensis semele, L.. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1944. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Hipparchia semele thyone, Vol.56, p.65]
Thompson (1952)	Thompson, J.A.: Butterflies in the Coastal Region of North Wales. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1952. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Pararge aegeria, Vol.64, pp.161-166]
Thompson & Nelson (2006)	Thompson, R. & Nelson, B.: The Butterflies and Moths of Northern Ireland. 2006.
Thomson (1969)	Thomson, G.: Maniola (Epinephile) jurtina (L.) (Lep. Satyridae) and its forms. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1969. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Maniola jurtina insularis, Vol.81, pp.51-58, Plate I (Figs. 1-4, 6-8, 10-12)]
Thomson (1970)	Thomson, G.: On the Nature of Maniola jurtina splendida B.-White (Lep. Satyridae). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1970. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Maniola jurtina splendida, Vol.82, pp.261-268]
Thomson (1980)	Thomson, G.: The Butterflies of Scotland. 1980.
Tolman & Lewington (2008)	Tolman, T. and Lewington, R.: Collins Butterfly Guide. 2008.
Tucker (1997)	Tucker, M.: The Red Admiral Butterfly. 1997.
Tutt (1891)	Tutt, J.W.: Melanism and Melanochroism in British Lepidoptera. 1891.
Tutt (1896)	Tutt, J.W.: British Butterflies: Being a Popular Handbook for Young Students and Collectors. 1896.
Tutt (1906)	Tutt, J.W.: A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera v8 (British Butterflies v1). 1906.
Tutt (1908)	Tutt, J.W.: A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera v9 (British Butterflies v2). 1908.
Tutt (1909)	Tutt, J.W.: Plebeius argus var. cretaceous, n. var. P.argus var. masseyi, n. var., P.argus var. corsica, Bell, and Plebeius argyrognomon var. corsica, n. var.. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1909. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Plebejus argus cretaceus, Vol.21, pp.58-59], [Plebejus argus masseyi, Vol.21, pp.58-59]
Tutt (1909-1)	Tutt, J.W.: A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera v10 (British Butterflies v3). 1909. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Plebejus argus cretaceus, pp.203-204], [Plebejus argus masseyi, pp.202-203]
Tutt (1914)	Tutt, J.W.: A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera v11 (British Butterflies v4). 1914.
Van Voorst (1858)	Van Voorst, J.: An Accentuated List of the British Lepidoptera. 1858.
Vane-Wright & Ackery (1984)	Vane-Wright, R.I. and Ackery, P.R.: The Biology of Butterflies. 1984.
Verity (1908)	Verity, R.: Rhopalocera Palaearctica, Iconographie et Description des Papillons diurnes de la région paléarctique. Papilionidae et Pieridae. 1908. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Anthocharis cardamines britannica, Vol.1, p.190]
Verity (1911)	Verity, R.: Races inédites de Satyridae européens [Lep. Rhopalocera]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. 1911. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Erebia aethiops caledonia, pp.311-314, Plate I], [Hipparchia semele scota, pp.311-314, Plate I]
Verity (1913)	Verity, R.: Revisione dei Tipi Linneani dei Ropaloceri Paleartici. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana. 1913. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Melanargia galathea serena, Vol.44, p.205]
Verity (1915)	Verity, R.: Contributo allo studio della variazione nei Lepidotteri. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana. 1915. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pyronia tithonus britanniae, Vol.45, p.220]
Verity (1919)	Verity, R.: Seasonal Polymorphism and Races of some European Grypocera. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1919. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Celastrina argiolus britanna, Vol.31, p.46] This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Lysandra bellargus, Vol.31, pp.26-31], [Ochlodes sylvanus sylvanus, Vol.31, p.28]
Verity (1929)	Verity, R.: Races de l'Europe occidentale de l'Argynnis phryxa Bergstr., qu'on nomme, à tort, adippe L. [Lep. Nymphalidae]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. 1929. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Argynnis adippe vulgoadippe, p.277]
Warren (1968)	Warren, B.C.S.: On an instable race of Pieris adalwinda, location in Scotland. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1968. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Pieris napi thomsoni, Vol.80, pp.299-302]
Watkins (1923)	Watkins, H.T.G.: A new Argynnis Race. The Entomologist. 1923. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Argynnis aglaja aglaja f. scotica, Vol.56, p.108]
Werneburg (1864)	Werneburg, A.: Beiträge zur Schmetterlingskunde. 1864. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Lycaena dispar rutilus, Vol.1, p.391]
West (1993)	West, I.: The Swallowtail Butterfly. 1993.
Westwood (1855)	Westwood, J.O.: The Butterflies of Great Britain. 1855.
White (1871)	White, F.B.: The Lepidoptera of Scotland. Scottish Naturalist. 1871. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Maniola jurtina splendida, Vol.1, p.200]
Wilkes (1742)	Wilkes, B.: Twelve New Designs of English Butterflies. 1742.
Wilkes (1749)	Wilkes, B.: One Hundred and Twenty Copper-Plates of English Moths and Butterflies. 1749.
Williams (1916)	Williams, H.B.: Notes on the life-history and variation of Euchloë cardamines L.. Transactions of City of London Natural History Society. 1916. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Anthocharis cardamines hibernica, Vol.1915, pp.62-84]
Williams (1930)	Williams, C.B.: The Migration of Butterflies. 1930.
Williams (1946)	Williams, H.: The Irish form of Leptidea sinapis. The Entomologist. 1946. This reference is used in the original description of the following taxa: [Leptidea juvernica juvernica, Vol.79, pp.1-2]
Willmott (1990)	Willmott, K.: The Purple Emperor Butterfly. 1990.
Willmott (1999)	Willmott, K.: The Holly Blue Butterfly. 1999.
Wilson (1880)	Wilson, O.S.: The Larvae Of the British Lepidoptera and Their Food Plants. 1880.
Wiltshire (1967)	Wiltshire, E.P.: A Holiday in Ross-shire, Scotland in late July 1967 with notes on the Lepidoptera. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 1967. This reference is used in the description of the following taxa: [Coenonympha pamphilus pamphilus f. rhoumensis, Vol.79, pp.310-313]
Wood (1839)	Wood, W.: Index Entomologicus; or, A Complete Illustrated Catalogue, Consisting of 1944 Figures, of the Lepidopterous Insects of Great Britain. 1839.