PhilBWright

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PhilBJohnson
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Re: PhilBWright

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Seedlings from AB, hopefully for Brimstone Larvae later.
As one might know, a genetic or chemical composition of a UK butterfly larval food plant, was intrinsically linked to an adult butterfly’s ability to recognise it and oviposit there. Also, the developing metamorphosis appeared to have been evolutionarily dependant, for body make up reasons.

Overripe AB seed in Autumn might have been collected and fermented for about a week in a jam jar of water, before seed retrieval (usually one seed per berry), the rest disposed of or composted and dry seed stored, before late winter/ early spring sowing.
Germination appeared to happen at about the same time, as leafing of the Brimstone bush (quite late, mid April 23).
Container contents were protected from different seed entering, that might have germinated first, in the competing space.
General purpose compost, if not slightly acidic.
Alder Buckthorn seedlings April 29th 2023
Alder Buckthorn seedlings April 29th 2023
A hedge plant, with a flower that attracted bees, possibly responded better to pruning, than to flailing (which Hawthorn and Blackthorn appeared to respond well to and might have been very common in farmland hedgerows, for those in budget maintenance reasons).
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PhilBJohnson
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Re: PhilBWright

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A compass planting plan for over-wintered biennial Garlic Mustard
(Thats the phase of it's life cycle where it vertically bolted (flowered) for an Orange-tip life cycle, rather than, just a big green leaf, for something else.
One of the reasons this plant was often found by a hedge on a shady side, north or north west facing aspect (west facing, cooler morning sunshine) was not just for butterfly life cycle grazing reasons, but it needed moisture retention in it's leaves, as it lost much there in full sun, needing very damp conditions to thrive (bottom of bank, near water course like cuckoo flower).
1.2m high (4 foot) close board fence plus 10cm kick board
1.2m high (4 foot) close board fence plus 10cm kick board
Old English 6 foot long X 3 foot high (1m high) fence panels, might provide enough good shade for flowers to rise into the sun above fence.

Bespoke Garden or your own garden (the picture was not inside a garden).
Garlic mustard seed collection, if not aesthetically distasteful in garden tidy-up, was in about July, might be dried then stored dry, for sowing, end of January-February, before last cold frosty snap. Most seed collected germinated like that,
on prepared, raked, bare ground.
Plug planted over-wintered Garlic Mustard in March and very early April before it bolted, for flowering success. It had a long tap root (don't uproot a plant in the wild, I didn't). Try to keep as much tap root as possible for well watered re-establishment success, if transplanted then.

Footnote Compass facing orientation
Imagine yourself in a square property and looking out a window, towards the midday sun. That would be a south facing aspect. Concept was important for landscape design in sun and shady areas, around a house.
If it was a hedge line or fence, same principle, but imagine yourself sitting on the fence and facing one way, or the other (North facing, would be facing north, from position on the fence, running from west to east).
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PhilBJohnson
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Re: PhilBWright

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Growing Perennial Cuckoo Flower for proliferation and for Butterflies, Lincolnshire
We have been growing this plant since 2019 from supplier:

https://www.naturescape.co.uk/product/c ... dys-smock/

Because of a modern loss of damp meadow habitat, water meadows and land drained more for agriculture, this was one of the key native plants ,we felt needed to be understood more widely, for it's prolification. Please do not dig it up from the wild (we did not).
Being in the member of the Brassicaceae family, it was grazed by at least three UK butterfly species in their life cycles, loved by some species of slugs and snails. How much of an impact Rabbits and Deer had in grazing, i was not sure.
Cuckoo flower. March 2nd 2023 Leaves more rounded and less wavy edged than a similar Hairy bitter-cress
Cuckoo flower. March 2nd 2023 Leaves more rounded and less wavy edged than a similar Hairy bitter-cress
IMG_5455.jpeg
Specific management possibilities
At the beginning of March 2023, plants were compact, no more than about 5cm from ground, with no, or little signs of them beginning to bolt. A long meadow cut (trimming) in early Spring to about 6cm from ground, was thought might help give leaves more light, if not exposed to more to grazers that way.
April 4th 2023 Cuckoo flower vertically bolting (sending up flowers)
April 4th 2023 Cuckoo flower vertically bolting (sending up flowers)
A tallish flower pot, with general purpose compost, was stood in a water tray, drawing up moisture from the bottom, through holes in bottom of flower pot.
April 25th 2023 Cuckoo flower (date might be, not to cut Spring flowering meadow)
April 25th 2023 Cuckoo flower (date might be, not to cut Spring flowering meadow)
July 23rd 2022 Egg of Second annual generation, Green- veined white.
July 23rd 2022 Egg of Second annual generation, Green- veined white.
Encouraging Bio-diversity
For seed dispersal and prolification of Cuckoo flower, beginning of August might be a good time to cut long grass, back to 6cm from ground, to help the perennial, not get too crowded in it's competing space. For the protection of Orange-tip pupae and Second generation Green- veined white larvae grazers, it might not be the best time.
It was thought, that for those kind of reasons, different areas of a meadow, might be managed differently in seasonal rotations, rather than, cut all of the meadow, all at the same time.
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Small copper butterfly Ovipositing, May 21st 2023, Lincolnshire
Numbers had declined in many local places, recently.
I considered myself very fortunate to have witnessed this first annual generation's seasonal timing.
Possibly I had only seen about two Small copper butterflies last year & really only had imagination of them ovipositing on mature plants.

This video showed how a female tastd the leaves of weed seedlings growing in a vegetable border, before finding the right species to oviposit on, for her offspring's evolved dependancy.

This kind of seasonal timing understanding of larval food plant development and first annual butterfly generation, might help some at Butterfly Conservation, design spaces, specifically for this butterfly.
Here was my link:

https://youtu.be/ZAx-vDLlpas

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Re: PhilBWright

Post by Benjamin »

Nice video Philip - I do love watching egg laying!
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David M
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Post by David M »

Love that footage, Phil. She makes a thorough inspection of everything but interesting that she was attracted eventually by the red leaf.
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Re: PhilBWright

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Outdoors Garden Habitat protection for Orange-tip (OT) immature stages/b]
Understood Life cycle of an Orange-tip butterfly
A Garden was planted, for the visitation of Spring Orange-tip butterflies. If females did not visit in April or May, there was a chance they might oviposit in early June, having travelled from further afield in hotter daytime temperatures. Having consulted with the property owner, a decision was made to protect their fauna from predation, by a bird, higher up the food chain.
Rearing ones caterpillars to Adulthood
The use of a smallest size "pop up" (easy to flat pack post ) entomologist (insect) padlockable cage, might feel inappropriate to some, as a more specialised lepidoptera protect and release, outdoor habitat protection without lock, might feel more appropriate.

1.An empty glass bottle was rinsed ready for recycling. A cardboard box of 4-6 bottles, which they came in was used, to aid carrying, so that they stood and did not easily fall over alone.
2.Cutting the Mustard
A narrow necked bottle was prepared, with about 10-12cm of Garlic mustard seedpods and bottle filled with water to the top (or near the top).
Enough Garlic mustard stems of seedpods were added, standing in the water, to block the bottle neck, from caterpillar free fall into water.
3. Someone cut the mustard
Without touching a vulnerable immature stage found in the garden, the mustard was gently cut with scissors, about 10-12cm from below the top of the mustard, where the early instar was feeding on a seedpod near the top.
Some of the lower seedpods were cut away, so that the lower mustard stem slid easily into the bottle filled with water, with the other mustard stems.
This was repeated four times so that the immature Lepidoptera were safely double zipped on the top of the habitat protection.
4. Habitat hardwood (overwintered) clipped sicks and twigs, added for over-wintering pupation. those sticks were generally between 2mm and 5mm in diameter.
In a gardent was thought that larva most frequently failed, having left the host plant and then became prey, at their largest size, in an attempt to find a suitable place to pupate.
After about 1 and 1/2 weeks, fresh seedpods were added and water in bottles topped up
Larval growth then took place in June quite naturally on hydrated seed pods, until pupation, on or around June 19th 2023
Habitat protection left outside.
Outdoor rearing through natural seasonal temperatures and light
Orange-tip butterfly release date estimated: April 20th 2024 (about 10 months)
Any parasites that might emerge, might not be released:
I have yet to find an Orange-tip pupa, pupate on it's Garlic mustard host plant, which will not survive another winter. The bolted biennial will die before it makes a woody, over-wintered stem, like found with some other hedgerow native species.
Butterfly release double zip, on top of immature stage protection.
Butterfly release double zip, on top of immature stage protection.
Orange-tip, preparing to pupate
Orange-tip, preparing to pupate
Orange-tip pupa
Orange-tip pupa
Orange-tip pupa June 19th 2023
Orange-tip pupa June 19th 2023
I have not ever sold native Lepidoptera (as far as I can remember) and I don't think there should be an
"underground red light market" for it, as with other UK native fauna, in the UK.
Perhaps BC might have special licence and or permissions, as Charitable Organisation with knowledge, that was meant to care.

Kind Regards
Last edited by PhilBJohnson on Mon Aug 28, 2023 11:13 pm, edited 3 times in total.
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Re: PhilBWright

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Brimstones near Lincoln, Lincolnshire
Natural Outdoor timings:
July 12th 2023. Emerged. “Just in time for a butterfly count!”
July 12th 2023. Emerged. “Just in time for a butterfly count!”
Butterfly might emerge within days. “Don’t take the someone”
Butterfly might emerge within days. “Don’t take the someone”
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Re: PhilBWright

Post by David M »

Great finds, Phil. That first one looks a little like a sea-horse.
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Thanks David
Brimstone emerged from pupa, the following day.

Hopefully she will find some native evergreens (not Buckthorn or Alder Buckthorn), to shelter, camouflage, hibernate in, before breeding in the Spring.
I thought she was female. Brimstone emerged from pupa July 13th 2023 Wings were drying before first flight 10:23am<br />I might not see her again.
I thought she was female. Brimstone emerged from pupa July 13th 2023 Wings were drying before first flight 10:23am
I might not see her again.
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Re: PhilBWright

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Alder Buckthorn (AB)- “Brimstone Bush” Analysis for Holy Blue Species and general UK Native Wildlife.

Alder Buckthorn
Ornamental Hedge Plant or Shrub. Berries were poisonous to humans, if ingested.

Premise: The Brimstone Bush flowers, were loved by native wildlife.

Young Seedlings germinated quite late in the Spring, about the same time the bush came into leaf, during Brimstone Ovipositing timing.
That meant bared ground in April, might have been preferred for germination success, rather than in earlier Spring overgrowth.
Also, Individual AB seedlings scarcely distributed, located on a Brimstone flight path, might have been "over-posited" with eggs, for survival of a young plant, without a human intervention. Another premise was that garden birds noticed the larger caterpillars in less undergrowth, before eating them all, in routine feeding.
24th May 2020, Lincolnshire. Brimstone Larva feeding damage &amp; AB flowering.
24th May 2020, Lincolnshire. Brimstone Larva feeding damage & AB flowering.
The following sequence of photos might have helped show how, good the UK native shrub was for wildlife in general, taken on July 16th 2023:
IMG_1436.jpeg
IMG_1442.jpeg
IMG_1444.jpeg
IMG_1446.jpeg
IMG_1448.jpeg
IMG_1450.jpeg
IMG_1454.jpeg
IMG_1456.jpeg
Flowering time May to August:
Photos show some early flowers, maturing to berries

I just missed the Holy blue butterfly ovipositing on flowers (or flower buds), as I was distracted (Second Annual generation).
Conclusions:
The native small tree might have a flowering longevity to help first and second annual generations of Holly blue butterfly, but possibly not a third August generation, females attracted to pungent budding Ivy flowers.
Not often enough found in neutral to acidic woodland, or included in some planting rituals.

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Holly blue butterfly
As a Holly blue female, oviposited on unopened flower buds, for the early development of it’s larvae, trees given more consideration in a planting plan, were Hermaphrodite Dogwood and Hermaphrodite Alder Buckthorn (Male and Female parts, found in same flower).
Holly was Dioecious (Male and Female flowers found on different trees, so a female Holly tree, that produced winter berries was chosen.
Alder Buckthorn and Dogwood, were UK native species, that might have bridged a possible July ovipositing gap, before a final annual Holly blue generational brood, that successfully over-wintered in and or near native Ivy.

Alder Buckthorn appeared to, continue to summer flower while berries from spring flowers developed in summer.
UK native woodland species
UK native woodland species
These two trees (Dogwood & Alder Buckthorn), appeared to encourage, overlapping of Holly blue, annual, successional generations (third brood success, ovipositing on native Ivy) because of their flowering times.
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My first sightings of a White Admiral, August12th 2023
It was nice for Melissa & myself to meet up with Pete Smith recently, co-author of Butterflies of Lincolnshire.
Pete showed us around a wood we had not been to before, we visited one of Forestry England's Lincolnshire's Limewoods, which, because of their damp woodland status were generally nice places for honeysuckle growth, where woodland was not too dark, with some small tree canopy gaps, for some light and rain, to reach ground growing level.
(An old war time, Forestry Commission, economy driven Pine Forest, where trees were grown very close together, for fast, tall growth and maximum yield harvest, might not have been ground flora abundant).

It was nice to see some Meadow Browns, Gatekeepers and a Ringlet still, mid-August, also Brimstones, old looking Silver-washed Fritillary (that appeared to out-live White Admiral in butterfly longevity, by a week or two).
The White Admiral larvae were really interesting and thanks to Pete, for his hard work in finding them and showing some to us.
Here was a White Admiral (larva) we found ourselves:
White Admiral caterpillar (I thought, instar 3) on Honeysuckle leaf midrib, after leaf feeding damage and before hibernaculum creation.
White Admiral caterpillar (I thought, instar 3) on Honeysuckle leaf midrib, after leaf feeding damage and before hibernaculum creation.
Knap, Betony, Meadowsweet, Meadow Vetchling, Purple Loosestrife, & Damp Meadow Scabious were seasonally flowering:
Betony &amp; male Brimstone butterfly, feeding before, hopefully hibernating to breed next Spring
Betony & male Brimstone butterfly, feeding before, hopefully hibernating to breed next Spring
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Last edited by PhilBJohnson on Mon Aug 28, 2023 11:17 pm, edited 3 times in total.
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Re: PhilBWright

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PhilBJohnson wrote: Sat Aug 19, 2023 7:54 amIt was nice for Melissa & myself to meet up with Pete Smith recently, co-author of Butterflies of Lincolnshire...
You were in safe hands there, Phil. :)

Glad you found some White Admiral larvae. I guess the adults have finished for the year?
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Holly blue Mid-August Ovipositor on Ivy buds August 15th 2023, near Lincoln
This was an old looking female:

https://youtu.be/Zbea0paSmKU

Locally near Lincoln this year, we recorded Holly blue ovipositing on dioecious female Ivy buds on 11th & 15th of August. On both occasions we found Ivy growing on garden boundary features, below about 2.5 metres (with not much climbing height for observer).
There might still be time to record more of this behaviour and possible larval instar feeding on the flowers, with macro lens, before the ivy becomes smelly and full of wasps and Red Admirals, soon.
The last two years, appeared to have been good for Holly blue butterfly numbers near Lincoln, so I guess that might be followed by (it was thought) at least partially dependent, parasitic wasp, numbers catching up.

I was not sure if there was a Holly blue larva here.
Looked like some flower bud feeding damage. Perhaps someone might help me?
August 29th 2023, Holly blue larva?
August 29th 2023, Holly blue larva?
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Spent some time today creating this video of Redhill Nature Reserve (Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust) that we visited on
June 17th 2023. Thank you for those that helped me with larvae, pupa and plant identification.

His Majesty The King's Official Birthday and was my birthday.
Youtube video link:
https://youtu.be/TJJPyWHhb-E
The Lincolnshire Worlds, England.
Redhill Nature Reserve (SSSI), Chalk grassland habitat & had a Coronation Meadow.
While there, one of our main "quarries", was to see a Marbled white butterfly, not so common in Lincolnshire, being reliant on Chalk grassland habitat, for its locally common life cycles, inclusive of native grasses found there. We saw some Marbled white butterflies on the east facing bank, of the old quarry, near the Red Hill Drive parking area, where there was less public access.
Other aims of this video, was to help educate people in an understanding of fundamentally important plant species, that connect insects such as butterfly species, with natural habitats, in turn, connected to their local geology
Also to give an insight into what to expect, at that seasonal time of year, when visiting.
My Wife and I, June 17th 2023
My Wife and I, June 17th 2023
Cowslip seeds, June 17th (We didn't take any).
Cowslip seeds, June 17th (We didn't take any).
Red Admiral, Red Hill Drive, (road through Nature Reserve).
Red Admiral, Red Hill Drive, (road through Nature Reserve).
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Pieris brassicae (Large Cabbage White)
Interesting behaviours:

https://youtu.be/YQNlYi9T7QY
(Updated video and link, so that someone did not click to view a broken link).
David's following comments, I think refers to the same video clips in the construct. Apologies if you view it again, just to check.
Last edited by PhilBJohnson on Fri Oct 20, 2023 4:09 pm, edited 3 times in total.
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Re: PhilBWright

Post by David M »

I love these short films you post, Phil. :)

The slo-mo sections are particularly good - that female's abdomen is raised vertically at one point!

Interesting also to see how the rival males fly towards one another but pull out of a direct collision at the last moment.
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Re-digitalising old film photos with original dates (Pictures of pictures). There might be, or have been a wider debate about this.
"This general, wider approach, might have relied on the software honesty of porn deletion" - My comment.

Red Admiral, November 15th 1994
(Missing time= lunchtime)
Missing Temperature (about 15ºc)

The adjusted known date in picture information, also contains the address where I once lived.
The flower specific variety that I was unsure of in 1994 were African Marigolds

How might the BBC share Climate Changed data in the future?
This was what I thought I had remembered as a weather forecaster's comment, possibly in round up at the end of the month. With UK or local map, words to the effect of:
"This was one of the warmest Novembers on record"
The significance in honesty of pictures like this, might have helped people grasp how and when the Red Admiral started to complete life cycles outdoors in the UK, when, it was thought, there was little or no knowledge of it, in the 1970s ("Migrants, sorry I have not read Pete's book yet")
Red Admiral, November 15th 1994, Walton on Thames, Surrey. KT12
Red Admiral, November 15th 1994, Walton on Thames, Surrey. KT12
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Re: PhilBWright

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Dear Butterfly enthusiasts.
I have kept a UKB diary now for over 10 years!
Help in Identifying Brimstone Butterfly Ovipositing Timings
March 29th 2024, I noted that my neutral to acidic damp loving Alder Buckthorn Brimstone bush, was ahead of my calcarious loving native Buckthorn, in seasonal leaf bud burst, in Lincolnshire gardens.
A female Brimstone was good at detecting essentially what it’s own body was made up of, because of it’s immature stages of larval progression. Specifically, extra chemicals might have been released from leaf burst, into micro atmosphere, when leaf buds began to open, that might have helped a female butterfly, identify a sapling to oviposit on.

I remembered how male and female flowers were present on summer Alder Buckthorn (monoecious), that might slightly help more, a late Spring to Summer life cycling of Holly Blue butterfly. I will try and keep an eye out for that.
Native Buckthorn was dioecious (like Holly, female trees with flowers developing berries).
Also, I thought, for Holly blue oviposit on flowering native small trees, Dogwood might have already been developing flower buds.

Alder Buckthorn, slightly seasonally ahead of Buckthorn March 29th 2024, Lincolnshire.
Alder Buckthorn, slightly seasonally ahead of Buckthorn March 29th 2024, Lincolnshire.

No bursting buds yet:
Buckthorn, slightly seasonally behind Alderbuckthorn March 29th 2024, Lincolnshire.
Buckthorn, slightly seasonally behind Alderbuckthorn March 29th 2024, Lincolnshire.
Kind Regards,

Philip Johnson
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