On the Hunt for Chequered Skipper
I was fortunate (again!) to be able to spend a good chunk of time recently at Glasdrum Wood in Scotland, on the hunt for Chequered Skipper larvae. Having read the excellent works of Neil Ravenscroft, who studied the ecology of Chequered Skipper for his PhD while at Aberdeen University, I felt full of hope as I arrived on site. Neil’s findings are extremely interesting to say the least, and most can be found in Butterfly Conservation’s booklet on the Chequered Skipper, although I did enjoy reading the various papers he’s published too along with other articles by other authors, such as David Newland.
Since I was looking for the larvae, I was particular interested in finding those areas where the larvae were most likely to be found (and having found a few eggs earlier in the season, I had a pretty good idea of where to look). Below is a photo of Glasdrum Wood showing the wayleave that is created to allow the power lines to be maintained, together with Neil’s illustration of the topography of typical Chequered Skipper habitat.
- Glasdrum Wood
The whole area below the woodland edge is pretty much covered in scrub; Bog Myrtle, Bramble, Bracken and Hazel is everywhere. As Ravenscroft describes, the upper slopes, while rich in Purple Moor Grass (Molinea caerulea), contains plants that are distinctly browner than those found in the lower slopes which, apparently, have the best level of nutrients and aeration to maintain a lush green sward that lasts long enough for the Chequered Skipper larvae to become full grown before they overwinter (and, ultimately, pupate in the spring without feeding further). I have to say the difference in foodplants between the upper and lower slopes is noticeable and, while it’s not easy to see from the photos below, the Purple Moor Grass in the larval feeding areas is most definitely a darker and lusher green, and the grass blades seem to be slightly wider (which is a benefit to the larvae, since they create shelters from these blades in all but the final instar, when they feed more openly).
- Slope below the woodland edge
- Purple Moor Grass on upper slope
- Purple Moor Grass in larval feeding area
My initial search was clearly in the wrong area, although my heart skipped a beat every time I found a notch in a grass blade (which is characteristic of Chequered Skipper larval feeding damage), but I could put this damage down to Sawfly larvae, Drinker moth larvae or Leafhoppers (Cicadella viridis).
- Leafhopper (Cicadella viridis) - male
- Drinker moth larva
- Sawfly sp. larva
A few Scotch Argus were also flying and kept me company, but these were all well past their best, although this female still seemed to have a lot of eggs to be laid, judging by the size of her abdomen.
- Scotch Argus ssp. caledonia - female
Eventually I found what I was after – a grass blade that not only had the characteristic notches, but also a tube that a larva would use for protection when not feeding. The first tube I found was empty, but did tell me I was in the right area. I found several more abandoned tubes nearby, telling me that there was at least one larva still likely to be in the area and that these tubes were the result of earlier instars. Eventually, I found a tube made from 2 grass blades that would definitely hold a more substantial beast!
- Chequered Skipper larval feeding damage and protective tube
- Chequered Skipper larval feeding damage and protective tube
- Chequered Skipper larval feeding damage and protective tube
- Chequered Skipper larval feeding damage and protective tube
Using the torch app on my phone to act as a "backlight", I was able to see that there was, indeed, a critter inside. On the same plant I found a second tube and, while moving my tripod to get a photo, I must have disturbed the occupant, since a penultimate-instar Chequered Skipper larva reared itself out of the tube (something it does to eject frass) and just sat there. A perfect photo opportunity! I also revisited the first tube and just gently touching it caused this larva to emerge also!
- Chequered Skipper larva emerging from protective tube
- Chequered Skipper larva - penultimate instar
- Chequered Skipper larva - penultimate instar
After looking around for another hour or so, I returned to this spot to find that the second larva was out in the open – something I’ve only heard they do in the final instar. But I can only assume he was about to head back to his shelter, or was looking to create a new one. Either way, it was nice to get a photo of the wee chap. Unsurprisingly, managing to get these shots was beyond my expectations; I was hoping to get a photo of some larval feeding damage at best! And now I can't wait to go back to see if I can find a final instar larva in a few weeks' time, although I'll be making sure I keep my arms covered since I was bitten everywhere (although I didn't notice at the time!).
- Chequered Skipper larva - penultimate instar
Cheers,
- Pete